Analysis

Population replacements in Armenia and Iran over the past 7000 years

ABSTRACT We present genetic evidence of multiple demographic changes in Armenia and western Iran over the past 7000 years. By about 3000 years ago descendants of the 7000-year-old Chalcolithic Zagrosian herders, hereinafter referred to as Iran-CHL, along with their likely Elamo-Dravidian languages were gradually replaced by invading “Aryan” warriors from around the ancient Ariana (Airyanem …

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The PEOPLING OF ANATOLIA OVER THE PAST 2000 YEARS

ABSTRACT DNA from hundreds of ancient humans remains spanning the last 7000 years has been sequenced over the past few years in the “Southern Arc” region of West Asia and surrounds. Using DNA we here investigate the demographic changes that occurred over the past 2000 years in the Anatolia region as they pertain to the …

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Indo-Europeanization of Iran & Kurdistan – The genetic substructure of the Indo-Iranian invaders

Sometime between the late Bronze-Age and the early Iron-Age, Iran experienced a linguistic and population replacement. Approximately 2700 years ago, the Indo-Iranian Medes established the Median empire which stretched from north-west Pakistan westwards to Turkey, and thereby brought genetic, linguistic, as well as ideological changes to Iran. Although not much is known about this period …

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An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers – A critique

DISCUSSION Earlier this month the much awaited Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) paper on the Harappan genomes was released (1). Unfortunately, only one of the sampled skeletons yielded usable DNA fragments. The main conclusions of the paper, which relied primarily on this single sequenced genome, named I6113, and 11 previously sequenced BA individuals in …

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SAPDA – A new publicly available admixture inference program

DISCUSSION We are proud to announce the availability to the public of our latest genetic admixture inference program named SAPDA (Shared Ancestral Population Defining Alleles). Eurasians, whether Europeans or Asians, are genetically very similar to each other, with genetic similarities far outweighing any differences they have. Most Eurasians have descended from a few thousand individuals …

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Impact of the Iron Age Saka and Scythians on the demography of Kurds

ABSTRACT The flood of recently sequenced ancient DNA has tremendously increased our understanding of demography of various Eurasian modern populations. Thanks to the recently sequenced genomes in Damgaard et al, Narasimhan et al, Olaide et al, Lazaridis et al, and Mathieson et al, and the suite of tools within Admixtools, detailed in Patterson et al  …

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In progress: A method for improving accuracy in specific shared drift tests

BACKGROUND Over the past decade various tools have been developed for ancient DNA analysis and assessing shared drift between populations. Some programs such as STRUCTURE, ADMIXTURE are allele frequency based. Others such as Reich Lab’s ADMIXTOOLS use both allele frequencies as well as direct allele comparisons. Others yet such as IBS and IBD compared genomes …

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Diploid Genotyping Low to Medium Coverage Ancient DNA – Part 1

OVERVIEW The overwhelming majority of published ancient DNA (aDNA) are pseudo-haploid genomes. This study focuses on the suitability and accuracy of these pseudo-haplodized aDNA genomes for various types of downstream analysis, such as those involving admixture allele frequency studies, as well as Identity-by-Decent (IBD) analyses and analyses using formal methods. The accuracy of pseudo-haploid aDNA …

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